Which term denotes assessments that measure a student's achievement against a preset standard rather than against peers?

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Multiple Choice

Which term denotes assessments that measure a student's achievement against a preset standard rather than against peers?

Assessing students by measuring what they can do against a preset standard is about standards-based, or criterion-referenced, evaluation. This focuses on whether learners meet defined criteria rather than how they stack up against classmates. The general term for the process of measuring learning in this way is assessment, which encompasses gathering evidence of what students know and can do using specific criteria. The other options refer to instructional approaches or text types rather than how achievement is measured: Balanced Literacy is a reading instruction framework, Deep Orthography relates to a writing system’s spelling-to-sound consistency, and Decodable Text are materials designed to align with phonics, not to the measurement method itself.

Assessing students by measuring what they can do against a preset standard is about standards-based, or criterion-referenced, evaluation. This focuses on whether learners meet defined criteria rather than how they stack up against classmates. The general term for the process of measuring learning in this way is assessment, which encompasses gathering evidence of what students know and can do using specific criteria. The other options refer to instructional approaches or text types rather than how achievement is measured: Balanced Literacy is a reading instruction framework, Deep Orthography relates to a writing system’s spelling-to-sound consistency, and Decodable Text are materials designed to align with phonics, not to the measurement method itself.

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