What term describes the relationship between letters or letter combinations (graphemes) and sounds (phonemes)?

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Understanding how letters or letter combinations map to sounds is the Alphabetic Principle. This idea explains why readers can sound out words by translating graphemes into phonemes and why spelling mirrors sounds in language. Graphophonic cues are about using letter-sound clues as a reading strategy, not the fundamental relationship itself. Morphemic structure deals with units of meaning within words, not their sound-letter correspondence. Phoneme inventory is the set of sounds in a language, not how those sounds are represented by letters. So the term that best describes the connection between graphemes and phonemes is the Alphabetic Principle.